ANALYSIS OF DURAND LINE MANAGEMENT MECHANISM
Keywords:
Border management,, Afghanistan,, Pakistan, The Durand Line, terrorism, transit tradeAbstract
Being a gate way to Central Asia, the geo- strategic setting of Pakistan and Afghanistan delivers a shortest and most cost effective course for routing vast energy reserves of Central Asia to the outer world. . It is a serious stumbling block in the way of their affable relationship which is impeding development and affluence not only in their bilateral interactions but in other fields as well. Both the countries should comprehend the urgency of settlement of this issue so that they can utilize their vitalities to other aspects of mutual interests. It is the time to evaluate border management between Pakistan and Afghanistan with a vision to propose sustainable mechanism to end cross border terrorism, smuggling and illegal border immigrations. Afghanistan ought to accomplish its historical obligations and adhere to the rules of international law. On the other hand Pakistan should strive for diplomatic resolution of outstanding disputes with Afghanistan. This paper examines the border management between Pakistan and Afghanistan, contemporary models of border management and way forward on border management between Pakistan and Afghanistan. To analyze border management between Pakistan and Afghanistan with a view to suggest sustainable mechanism to help in stopping cross border terrorism, smuggling and illegal border immigrations.
References
Ehsan, A.M., “Border Management at Stake”, The Express Tribune., Retrieved from: http://tribune.com.pk/story/1128342/border- management-stake/
Ahmad, N. (2016, February 1). Seal Afghan Border: But first, some reality checks. The Express Tribune. Retrieved from http://tribune.com.pk/story/1038157/sealafghanborder-but-first-some-reality- checks/
ibid
Hussain, A, Pak-Afghan Border management: Infrastructure to be set up at many other crossings:FO.,Business Recorder., Retrieved from http://epaper.brecorder.com/2016/06/17/1-page/769871-news.html
ibid
Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency-PILDAT, A Legal Perspective:978-969-558-480-4(2015),Retrieved from:www.pildat.org/PUBLICATIONS/PUBLICATION/FP/LEGALASPECT SOFPAKISTAN-AFGHANISTANBORDERMANAGEMENT.PDF
ibid
ibid
Afghanistan Migration Profile Prepared for the International Organization for Migration (IOM),UNHCRfile:///C:/Users/ABC/Downloads/1442239958%20(1).pdf, 10ibid
ibid
Colnel Khan, M. E., Border Management The Case of Pakistan and Afghanistan Boredr.Hilal,(2014, July),Retrieved from: http://hilal.gov.pk/index.php/layouts/item/109-border-management-the-case- of-pakistan-and-afghanistan-border
Ibid 13ibid
Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency-PILDAT, A Legal Perspective, (2015), 978-969-558-480-4. Retrievedfrom: http://www.pildat.org/PUBLICATIONS/PUBLICATION/FP/LEGALASPEC TSOFPAKISTAN-AFGHANISTANBORDERMANAGEMENT.PDF 17Tavares, M, Fencing Out the Neighbors: Legal Implications of the U.S.- Mexico Border Security Fence.,The Human Rights Brief, 14(3), (2007), 33-37. 18ibid
Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency-PILDAT, (2015), A Legal Perspective:978-969-558-480-4. Retrieved from: www.pildat.org/PUBLICATIONS/PUBLICATION/FP/LEGALASPECTSOF PAKISTAN-AFGHANISTANBORDERMANAGEMENT.PDF
ibid
Khan, Z. S, Durand Line: Myths and Facts, (2016, June 18), Retrieved from:http://zalmayx.blogspot.com/2016/6/durand-line-myths-and-facts.html
Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency-PILDAT, A Legal Perspective, (2015), 978-969-558-480-4. Retrievedfrom: http://www.pildat.org/PUBLICATIONS/PUBLICATION/FP/LEGALASPEC TSOFPAKISTAN-AFGHANISTANBORDERMANAGEMENT.PDF
Tavares, M, Fencing Out the Neighbors: Legal Implications of the U.S.- Mexico Border Security Fence.,The Human Rights Brief, 14(3), (2007), 33-37.
ibid
Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency-PILDAT, (2015), A Legal Perspective:978-969-558-480-4. Retrieved from: www.pildat.org/PUBLICATIONS/PUBLICATION/FP/LEGALASPECTSOF PAKISTAN-AFGHANISTANBORDERMANAGEMENT.PDF
Khan,Z.S, Durand Line: Myths and Facts, (2016, June 18), Retrieved from:http://zalmayx.blogspot.com/2016/6/durand-line-myths-and-facts.html
ibid
ibid
ibid
ibid
Ibid
ibid
Khan,Z.S, Durand Line: Myths and Facts, (2016, June 18), Retrieved from: http://zalmayx.blogspot.com/2016/6/durand-line-myths-and-facts.html 29Korean Demilitarized Zone, .n.d.In Wikipedia. Retrievedfrom: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone, accessed on January 18, 2017
Venezuela and Colombia to normalise ties after border row, (2015, September 22). Retrieved from: www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america- 34318634
Venezuela–Colombia migrant crisis.n.d,In Wikipedia. Retrievedfrom:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela– Colombia_migrant_crisis, accessed onJanuary 15,2017.
India–Pakistan relations. n.d.In, Wikipedia., Retrieved from:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations, accessed on January 13, 2017.
Bertrand, N, ‘Relax, they our friends’. One quote draws why Turkey’s ISIS problem is only going to get worse. Business Insider, Retrieved from www.businessinsider.com/turkey-isis-syria-boredr-problem-2016-4, accessed on (2016. April 14).
Kolowski, R, The Evolution of Border Control as a Mechanism to Prevent Illegal Immigration, (Washington DC: Migration Policy Institute, 2011).
ibid
ibid
Korean, Demilitarized Zone .n.d.In Wikipedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone, accessed on February 9, 2017
Council Of The European Union,Communism Staff Working Document, (2006, November 21), Retrieved from:register.consilium.europa.eu/doc/srv?l=EN&f=ST%2013926%202006% 20REV%203
UN Security Council, Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) [on threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts], 28 September 2001, S/RES/1373 (2001), Retrieved from: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3c4e94552a.html, accessed on11 February 2017
Tavares, M, Fencing Out the Neighbors: Legal Implications of the U.S.- Mexico Border Security Fence. The Human Rights Brief, 14(3), (2007), 33-37.
