RELIGIOUS MILITANCY, MALIKI SYSTEM IN FATA (KP) POST 9/11
Keywords:
FATA, Malaki System, Militancy, Religion, Pukhtun societyAbstract
The tribal chief (Malik) holds a key position in Pukhtun society as for as social and political activities are concerned. The tribal chief acted as a judge and remained on key position. His words were considered final to end a conflict among the conflicting families and tribes. The conflicting parties respected and accepted his words and decisions were regarding final. As a chief spokesperson of his clan he was the main source of connection and represented his tribe. He was a representative of the tribe as well as government on both the sides simultaneously. On the other hand the government and state also communicated through him with the tribes whenever needed. The newly inducted agencies of FATA have now formally part of the province Khyber Pakhunkhwa where Malik is still a vital role in the society. It is also the most affected part from the war on terror. The Maliki system was shattered and replaced by the Taliban and dismantled the socio- political set up of the tribal region. After 9/11 Pakistan became the front line ally due to its proximity with the Afghanistan. The militancy ruthless forces of the Talibans disturbed the already existed Maliki system that maintained peace and stability in social and political circles of the society. Situation became anarchic a vacuum created. The paper focuses how this Maliki system was a source of stability and social system. It also purports to know the factors of incompetence and losing grounds especially in the newly inducted regions of FATA in Khyber Pakhtukhwa. The paper will also analyse that how the Maliks can regain the lost status and position to safeguard the interest of the government and society and eliminate militancy in the region.
References
Abbas, Hasan (2014).The Taliban Revival: Violence and Extremist on the Pakistan-Afghanistan Frontier Yall University.
Ahmad, Shakeel. (2010). Director of Civic Awareness Promotion Society, a Peshawar-based NGO. Interview with the author, Peshawar.
Ahmed Rashid, (2008). Descent into Chaos, London: Penguin Group. Amnesty International, (2010). As If Hell Fell on Me, London: Amnesty
International Publications, 15
Ayaz, Dr. Qibla (2010). Interview with the author, Peshawar.
Aziz, Khalid (2008) Extending Stability to Pakistani Tribal Areas Peshawar:
RIPORT
Bangash, Mumtaz A. (1996). Administrative and Political Development of the
Tribal Areas: A Focus on Khyber and Kurram, Ph.D. diss., Area
Study Centre Central Asia, University
Boggs, Robert (2012). Pakistan's Pashtun Challenge: Moving from
Confrontation to
Galula, David (2008). Counterinsurgency Warfare, 1964 Delhi: Praeger
Security International.
Ghumman, Zulfiqar (2006). Taliban killed 150 pro-government Maliks, Daily
Times
Gunaratna, Rohan & Nielsen, Anders (2008). Al Qaeda in the Tribal Areas of
Pakistan and Beyond, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 31:9,788. Haider, Ziad (2009). Mainstreaming Pakistan’s Tribal Belt: A Human Rights and Security Imperative,” Discussion paper #09-01, Belfer Center Student Paper Series, Harvard Kennedy School Cambridge. http://belfercenter.ksg. harvard.edu http://www.rferl.org/content/Taliban _Violence Creating_Social_ Revolution_Among_Afghanistans_Pashtuns/2 108012.html .
Accessed July 2010.
International Crisis Group, (2006). Pakistan’s Tribal Areas: Appeasing the
Militants, Asia
International Crisis Group, Asia Report No.125.3.Report .125.4.http://www.
crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/southasia/Pakistan
Khan, Amir (2010). Interview with the author, Hayatabad Peshawar.
Khan, Amir. (2010). Interview with the author, Hayatabad Peshawar.
Khan, Anwarullah (2008). Pro-Govt Tribal Leader Killed in Ambush, Daily
Dawn
Khan, Sartaj (2010). Changing Pashtun Society, The News, Islamabad. See
www.thenews. com.pk/ daily_detail.asp?id=218558. Accessed July
, 2010
Khattak, Iqbal (2004). I did not surrender to the military, Nek Mohammad,
Friday Times.Lahore.
McGirk, Tim (2010). Pakistan’s Taliban War: Bringing Back the Music, Time
Magazine, Available at http://www.time.com/time/world/article/
,8599, 1968704,
Naveed Shinwari, (2009). Understanding FATA, survey findings. 36.
Nichols, Robert (1995). The Frontier Tribal Areas: 1840-1990, Occasional Paper 34.
Northwest Pakistan, Washington: Campaign for Innocent Victims in Conflict (CIVIC)
of Peshawar. Online edition, tp://www.dailytimes.co m.pk/default. asp?page =2008 052 story_2-5-2008_pg3_5, Accessed on June 15, 2013.
Omrani, Bijan (2009). The Durand Line: History and Problems of the Afghanistan-Pakistan Border, Asian Affairs, 40: 2.London: Routledge.
Rashid, Ahmed (2008). How to Succeed and Fail in FATA, Daily Times, Rogers, Christopher (2010). Civilians in Armed Conflict Civilian Harm and
Conflict in
Shah, Ahmad (2010). Interview with the author in Peshawar.
Shakeel Ahmad, (2010). Interview with the author in Peshawar.
Shehzad H. Qazi, (2012). An Extended Project of the Pakistani Taliban,
Institute for Social Policy and understanding.
Shinwari, Naveed (2008). Understanding FATA, 61.
Sial, Safdar (2009). Taliban on the March: Threat Assessment and Security
Implications for the Region, Peace and Security Review, 2: 2, 2nd
Quarter.
Siddique, Abubakar (2010). Taliban violence creating social revolution among
Pashtuns.
Special Report, (2008). The News on Sunday, http://jang.com.pk/ the news/ The Daily News December 17, 2014.
The News, Islamabad, Jan 13, 2013.
White, Joshua T. (2008). The Shape of Frontier Rule: Governance and
Transition, from the Raj to the Modern Pakistani Frontier, Asian
Security, 4:3: 235.Reuters, April 30, 2009.
Yousafzai, Aqeel (2010). Interview with the author. Peshawar.
Yousafzai, Ghulam, (2008). Interview with the author, Peshawar.
Yusufzai, Mushtaq (2006). Tribal Elders Call for Raising FATA Force, The
News Islamabad.
Yusufzai, Rahimullah (2010). An Agenda for Change in FATA,” The News
Islamabad, Available athttp://www.cssforum.com.pk/general/news- articles/ 36731-agendachange-
