PAKISTANI ELECTRONIC MEDIA: PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TELEVISION BREAKING NEWS ON AUDIENCE
Keywords:
Psychological Effects, Breaking News, Cultivation Theory, Panic, Boredom, Desensitization, AwarenessAbstract
This study was designed to find out the psychological effects of television breaking news on audience in Pakistan. This study analyzed panic, boredom, desensitization, and awareness as effects of Television breaking news on audience. Survey method was used to analyze the news channels breaking news effects on audience and viewers. This study was based on Cultivation Theory. After data analysis the researchers found that television breaking news content and visual presentation affect the human psyche and change human behavior regarding the issues highlighted in the news. It was found that television news channels created panic, boredom, desensitization, and awareness among the audience after watching breaking news. The researchers came up with the findings that news channels in Pakistan should exhibit sensible and mature behavior in considering any news as breaking news so that negative psychological effects on audience may be avoided.
References
Ali MK, Zehra N, Rasheed S. (2013), Psychological effects of viewing news channels among adult population of Karachi, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry, Vol.29 (01):24-32.
Anderson A.J. (2012.P.13), Media Research Methods: Understanding Metric and Interpretive Approaches (Book)
Bandura, A., & Adams, N. E. (1977). Analysis of self-efficacy theory of behavioural change. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1, 287–310.
Bandura, A., Reese, L., & Adams, N. E. (1982). Microanalysis of action and fear arousal as a function of differential levels of perceived selfeYcacy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 5–21.
Best M.,(2014),s If it Bleeds, it Leads: Sensational Reporting, Imperfect Inference and Crime Policy. (Online) (Cited 2014 Jan 4). Available from URL: http:// personal.lse.ac.uk/bestm/ research/if%20it% 20bleeds%20it%20leads.pdf.
Bhatti and Hassan., (2014), Psychological effects of TV News Violence on youth: A Case Study of the Students of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), Vol. 34, No. 1 (2014), pp. 295-309
Buck C., (2016), Work/Life Connections psychologist. https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2016/10/05/coping-with-the-psychological- effects-of-recent violence-in-the-news/.
Chandra A., (2008), Sauder School of Business, UBC. Targeted Advertising: The Role of Subscriber Characteristics in Media Markets, https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7955/1/MPRA_paper_7955.pdf.
Davey GCL, (2013), The Psychological Effects of TV News. Psychology Today. 2013 June 19. (Online) 2014 (Cited 2014 Jan 2). Available from URL: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/why-we-worry/201206/the- psychological-effects-tv-news.
Davis (2006), L. Rowell Huesmann and Laramie D. Taylor, THE ROLE OF MEDIA VIOLENCE IN VIOLENT BEHAVIOR. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0919/04c2b9d8ef6fe127b97d461c8e51d2 0237be.pdf.
Elmore, R. T., Wildman, R. W., & WestWeld, J. S. (1980). The use of systematic desensitization in the treatment of blood phobia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 11, 277–279.
Frank, Anderson, Stewart, Dancu, & West, (1988). Efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy and systematic desensitization in the treatment of rape trauma. Article in Behavior Therapy 19(3):403-420 · June 1988 with 81 Reads.DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7894(88)80012-1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223184767_Efficacy_of_cogniti ve_behavior_therapy_and_systematic_desensitization_in_the_treatment_o f_rape_trauma.
Galician ML. Perceptions of good news and bad news on television. Journalism Quarterly 1986; 63: 611-6. 13.
Havrylets Y., Rizun V., Tukaiev S., and Khylko M.,(2016). Objectification of Subjectivity: International experience in selection of TV stimuli in mass media effect research. Current issues of mass communication. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313506355, p.8.
Jahangir, F. Nawaz, N. & Khan, N. (2014), Effects of media (Television) on mental health, FWU Journal of social science ,Vol.8, p.97-107.
Mahmood R.M. (2011), Analysis of TV news sensationalism and its impact on viewers’ attitudes towards watching television news (The case of students of Institute of communication studies with reference to the TV news of Private news channels of Pakistan). (Master Thesis). Institute of communication studies University of the Punjab, Lahore.
Morgan, M. "International Cultivation Analysis." In Nancy Signorielli and Michael Morgan (eds), Cultivation Analysis: New Directions in Media Effects Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990, pp. 225-248.
McLuhan M. (1964), Book, Understanding Media, p.318, ISBN, 81-41-67535-7
Pantalon MV& Motta RW, (1988). Effectiveness of anxiety management training in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a preliminary report. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9627822.
Reis, Benevento, Olmo, Prates, Kwak, and An J., (2015). Breaking the News: First Impressions Matter on Online News. Proceedings of the Ninth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media.
Rogers, T. (2017), https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-breaking-news-story- 2073757.
Schatz D. (2016), EMOTIONAL WELLNESS: Breaking news - psychological impact of 24/7 access to tragedy, http://www.middletowntranscript.com/lifestyle/20160701/emotional- wellness-breaking-news---psychological-impact-of-247-access-to-tragedy.
Schindler, (1980). Book: Trauma and Its Wake, Systematic Desensitization Therapy with PTSD cases. page, 283. https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=JLCOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA283&l pg=PA283&dq=nightmares+(Schindler,+1980)&source=bl&ots=y9V_PS 3FBa&sig=miCduyJxkTez_3TB54MLlOQRw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahU KEwjqkZ3dv43bAhWC16QKHRjQCKAQ6AEIRTAE#v=onepage&q=ni ghtmares%20(Schindler%2C%201980)&f=false.
Walcutt, Fiorella, Carper and Schatz, (2012), The definition, assessment, and mitigation of state boredom within educational settings: A comprehensive review, Educ Psychol Rev (2012) 24:89 – 111DOI 10.1007/s10648-011- 9182-7. https://www.academia.edu/1004357/The_definition_assessment_and_miti gation_of_state_boredom_within_educational_settings_A_comprehensive _review.
Wastson J.W. (2005), Cognitive effects of breaking news: Establishing a Media frame to test audience primes. (Doctor of Philosophy Thesis) College of Communication & Information of Kent State University.
Wolpe, J. (1982). The practice of behavior therapy (3rd ed.). New York: Pergamon Press.
Younas F. (2016). Effect of negative news coverage of news channels on people. (BS (Hons) Thesis). Institute of Applied Psychology University of Punjab, Lahore.