INTER-TRIBAL LINKAGES BETWEEN DIR AND AFGHANISTAN: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Keywords:
Tribes, Linkages, Dir, Afghanistan, Mutual cooperationAbstract
This paper attempts to trace the origin of the linkages between the tribes of Dir and Afghanistan. The tribes of Dir shared and continue sharing linkages of history, culture, ethnicity, origin and religion with Afghanistan. The tribes after migration from Afghanistan, developed a tradition of mutual cooperation and help in the face of any external threat. The Afghan government resisted the arrival of Sikhs in the Pakhtun areas with the help of these tribes. Likewise, Afghanistan extended help to these tribes in all their battles against British and this cooperation continued even after the establishment of Pakistan. Reciprocally, when Afghanistan was invaded in 1979 and then in 2001, thousands of tribesmen crossed over to Afghanistan to fight alongside the Afghans against the invading forces. While reviewing the relevant literature a continuous historical trend of mutual cooperation was noticed between the tribes of Dir and Afghanistan. Despite living in British India and then in Pakistan for a long time, why the tribes of Dir are not properly assimilated? And what are the factors which impel them to turn to Kabul, are the questions the paper attempts to answers by using historical sources.
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