THE INFLUENCE OF MARXIST THOUGHTS ON PAKHTU LANGUAGE POETRY
Keywords:
Influence, Marxist, Thoughts, Pakhtu Language, PoetryAbstract
According to Engels, Karl Marx wanted the emancipation of society from exploitation, oppression, class distinction, and class struggle through the introduction of communism. Liberation of Society is a desire by poets influenced from Marx thoughts expressed in their literary works, with their flavor including Pukhtun poets from both sides of Duran Line. Our study spotted some poetic works of Pakistani Pukhtun Poets, by random selection method, which are critical in their approach towards Government policies and due to which they are called progressive or Marxists. We want to determine their literary status while comparing it with Marxist interpretations. Our studies find that the selected poetic works do not fall into Marxist advocators but fall in a progressive approach
References
Abid, Fazale-Subkhan. (2005). Lewanay Mausam. Malakand Abid Printing Press.
Ahmad, Sohail. (2005). Urdu Ghazal Me Angraiz Samraj kay Hilaf Muzahimath ki mukhtalif Surathain. Peshawar University, Urdu Department, (Khayabaan), 2(Spring), 257.
Armani, Professor Muhammad Islam. (2000). Yaraan Hees Na Waye Peshawar: Danish Kitab Khana Qissakhwani.
Aseer, Shah Zar Khan. (2011). Pailozee. Butkheila: Bilal Press.
Cheek, Timothy. (2002). Mao Zedong and China's revolutions: a brief history with documents. New Yark: Palgrave.
Dore, Rebecca A., Amendum, Steven J., Golinkoff, Roberta Michnick, & Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy. (2018). Theory of Mind: a Hidden Factor in Reading Comprehension? Educational Psychology Review, 30(3), 1067-1089. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-018-9443-9
Dukes, Paul. (2002). World Order in History: Russia and the West. London and New York: Taylor & Francis (Routledge 1996).
Faiz, Faiz Ahmad. (1971). Poems by Faiz (Victor Kiernan, Trans.). London: Vanguard Books (PVT) Ltd.
Faraan, Faisal. (2019). Ajmal Khattak Communist na ow. Peshawar. Pukhtun(February ).
Faulkner, Sandra L. (2017). Poetry Is Politics: An Autoethnographic Poetry Manifesto. International Review of Qualitative Research, 10(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2017.10.1.89.
Goldman, Alvin I. (2012). Theory of Mind. Retrieved from New Jersey: https://fas-philosophy.rutgers.edu/goldman/ Theory%20of%20Mind%20_Oxford%20Handbook_.pdf.pdf
Grima, Benedicte. (1985). The Pukhtun "Tapos": From Biography to Autobiography. Asian Folklore Studies, 44(2). doi:https://www.jstor.org/stable/1178510
Guluthmankhiel, Zeerab Gul. (2015). Doob Pa Sroo Veeno Ki Da Gul Da Cha Dai. Swat: Bilal Press Butkheila.
Hayat, Mazhar, & Rai, Shahida Parveen. (2016). Relevance of Marxist Poetry of Faiz Ahmed Faiz in the Age of Neo-liberalism. Journal of Research (Humanities), II(6), 16. doi:http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/english/PDF/6.%20Relevance%20of%20Marxist_v_LII_jan_2016.pdf
Khanif, Muhammad. (2014). Pa Pukhtunkhwa ki Taraqi Pasand Tekhreek Ao da Pukhtu Taraqi Pasand Shairay Teqeeqi ao Tanqidi Jaiza 1920-1947. Quetta Ghaznavi Kitab Ploranzi
Khattak, Ajmal. (1958). Da Ghairat Chagha Peshawar University Book Agency
Khattak, Ajmal. (2003). Qisa Zama da adabi Jwand (Vol. 1). Charsadda: Riaz Book Agency.
Kiran, Sobia. (2012). Modernism and the Progressive Movement in Urdu Literature. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(3), 7. doi:http://www.aijcrnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_3_March_2012/20.pdf
Korejo, M S. (1993). The Frontier Gandhi: His Place in History Karachi: Oxford University Press
Leewani, Akmal. (2005). Leewantoob. Peshawar: University Publishers
MARX, KARL, & ENGELS, FREDERlCK. (1948). MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY. New York: International Publishers Co., Inc.
Narang, Gopi Chand. (1986). Thoughts on August 15th: The Indian Freedom Struggle and Urdu Poetry. Indian Literature, 29(4 (114)), 127-139. doi:www.jstor.org/stable/23335223
Nazir, Sadia, & MazharHayat. (2020). Politics of Resistance in Pakistan through Progressive Poetry:A Neo-Gramscian Study. Sir Syed Journal of Education & Social Research, 3(4). doi:https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss4-2020(147-158)
Parab, Vitthal V. (2015). The Victorian versus Modern Poetry in the Poems of Tennyson, Browning and Hopkins. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(7). doi:https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v4i7/SUB157046.pdf
Perera, Sonali. (2014). No Country: working-class writing in the age of globalization. New York: Columbia University Press.
Petras, James F. (1983). NEW PERSPECTIVES PERIPHERY ON IMPERIALISM AND SOCIAL CLASSES IN TH. In Peter Limqueco & Bruce McFarlane (Eds.), Neo-Marxist Theories of Development New York: Croom Helm Ltd.
Przeworski, Adam. (1985). Capitalism and Social Democracy. France: Maison de Sciences de !'homme and Cambridge University Press.
Roghani, Abdul Raheem. (2009). Sandariz Ihsaas. Peshawar: Zia Printers
Sabir, Sabir Ahmad. (2015, Aug 19) Introduction of Book /Interviewer: Bakhtiar Khattak and Humayun Khan. Stayana, AVT Khyber, Peshawar.
Sabir, Sahib Shah. (2006). Qamatoona Qiyamathona Peshawar: Danish Hparawanda toolana.
Sadeed, Anwar. (1999). Urdu Adab ki Takhreekain Karachi: Anjum-i-Taraqi Urdu Pakistan.
Sahar, Taj Uldin. (2010). Wroon Sahar. Sarai Norang: Pukhtu Adabi Paiwastun Sarai Norang.
Shakir, Muhammad Iqbal. (2013). Reedi Rangi Oba Malakand: Marastiyal Leekwal "Mal" Malakand.
Sud, K. N. (1979). New Trends in Urdu Writing. Indian Literature, 22(6), 120-124. doi:www.jstor.org/stable/23333578
Sultana, Yasmin, Ahsan, Lubna, Khan, Mahrukh, & Usmani, Dawood. (2014). Role of Progressive Movement and Modernism in Urdu Literature. Research Journal of Language, Literature and Humanities, 1(5). doi:http://www.isca.in/LANGUAGE/Archive/v1/i5/2.ISCA-RJLLH-2014-018.pdf
Wolff, Jonathan. (2003). Why Read Marx Today? New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
Yousafzai, Ajmal. (2012). Mili Ghag Peshawar: Abaseen Printers
Yousafzai, Nangyal. (2013). Da Dairi Na Bahar Peshawar: Amir Printing