AN ANALYSIS OF SUFISM IN THE PASHTO LITERATURE OF SWAT
Keywords:
Mysticism, Sufism, Pashto, Literature, SwatAbstract
Sufism is believing in mysteries. It is also a process of understanding the mysteries. Although it is used synonymously with Mysticism but Mysticism is a broader term while the term Sufism is limited to Islamic mysticism. Sufism is such a dominant theme in Pashto classical literature that almost all of the writers have discussed it in some way or the other. Pashto literature has continued this thematic tradition from the Persian and Arabic literatures. It is also found with depletion in modern literature. There are numerous Sufi orders but the dominant one in the Pashto literature of Swat is Chashtia followed by Naqashbandia. Similarly two theories of Sufism are found in the classical literary works in Swat. The dominant one is the theory of the Unity of Being followed by the theory of the unity of witness or of contemplation. Sufism has left its impacts on the culture of Swat. With the passage of time influences of Sufism on the culture of Swat have been reduced. This article attempts to analyze Pashto literature of Swat for finding out dominant Sufi initiatory chains, theories and themes. It also attempts to explore the impacts of Sufism on the society and culture of Swat as reflected in the literature.
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