CLIENTELISM AS FEMALE VOTING DETERMINANT IN DISTRICT KARAK: A CASE STUDY OF 2018 GENERAL ELECTIONS
Keywords:
Women's Voting Patterns, voting behavior, Clientelism Impact, Electoral Determinants, 2018 General Elections, economic benefitsAbstract
The primary objective of this research is to investigate clientelism as a determinant of female voting behavior, specifically analyzing its impact on the 2018 General Elections in District Karak. To comprehend voting behavior, the study has linked this determinant with voting behavior theories, particularly the theory of Clientelism. Regarding the application of the theory, it is argued that the theory is applicable in the electoral politics of District Karak. The most prevalent determinant in District Karak is clientelism (55.05%) to some extent. This study relies on both published and unpublished data and seeks to answer two key questions: Is clientelism the determinant of female voting behavior in the 2018 General Election in NA-34 District Karak? And what are the impacts of female voting behavior on the 2018 General Elections in NA-34 District Karak? Primary and secondary data have been collected for this paper, utilizing a mixed-method approach that incorporates both quantitative and qualitative methods. The population under study comprises all registered female voters of District Karak. Through the Yamoni formula, data is gathered
from 400 respondents, employing a stratified sampling technique to collect data from registered female voters in three Tehsils: Banda Daud Shah, Takht-e-Nasrati, and Karak. The study reveals that economic benefits and candidates with a strong economic background significantly influenced women's voting behavior in constituency 34. The Pakistan People Party garnered support through the Benazir Income Support Program, and while perceptions of Imran Khan as a celebrity raised expectations for progress, his unfulfilled promises resulted in voter disappointment.
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